Certainly, the discrete element method can be used to deal with large deformation problems, but due to the limit of computing scale, it is difficult to simulate the problems of real engineering scale currently. It can simulate the contact and collision process of particles or blocks.
The discrete element method (DEM) is widely used in geotechnical engineering, geological engineering, and other fields to deal with discontinuous problems.
3d earthquake particle motion crack#
Another method, the efficient remeshing algorithm, has obtained a good result in the study of crack propagation. Later, when the fracture problem was designed, the extended finite element method (XFEM) was proposed. At first, people used the finite element method (FEM) to study structural problems. In the past few decades, people have developed numerical models with different accuracies. Numerical simulation has become the most common method for studying the stability of the dump slope. However, the physical model test has the problem of size effect. Due to the large scale and height of the dumps, researchers usually use physical model tests to study their stability. Over the years, the finite difference methods were also applied to analyze the stability of waste dump, but most of them were used to study the static problems, and only the evolution of potential sliding surface or plastic zone was obtained. Even though the safety factor of dump slope could be obtained by solving the limit equilibrium equations of the dump system, such safety factor cannot be used to describe the evolution of the slope, which usually involves large deformation of the dump materials. Due to the action by self-weight, external loads, earthquake, water, and environmental effect, the stability of the waste dump can be significantly reduced. For the evaluation of the safety stability of waste dumps, the mostly used methods are the limit equilibrium analysis techniques.
Most of the studies are focused on the evaluation of the stability of the dump slope, but few studies focus on the landslides or debris flow of the dump. With the development of mining construction and deep open-pit mines, the design and operation of waste dump require understanding of the potentially dynamic failure mechanism of landslides to ensure the safety of waste dump operation.Īt present, the study of waste dump is rare. Currently, there is little work dealt with the mechanism and dynamic process of dump landslides. Sometimes, these harmful factors can lead to serious disasters such as landslides and debris flows, which seriously threaten the safety of mining. IntroductionĪs the waste dumps increase in scale and height, their stability can be reduced due to rainfall, earthquake, and human activities.
3d earthquake particle motion full#
The evaluation of the sliding characteristics and risk impact range can provide the key parameters and basis for the prevention and control of the landslides in the full high waste dump and ensure the safety of the mine life cycle. The SPH method can vividly reproduce the dynamic process of the landslides in the full high waste dump. The sensitivity analysis of different particle numbers shows that the number of particles has little effect on the numerical results. The sliding distance is in good agreement with the field survey result, and the landslides profile is basically consistent with the actual one. The particles undergo a process of first acceleration and then deceleration. The particles' sliding distance decreases as the depth increases in the vertical direction of both shoulder and middle of the slope. On the contrary, the sliding distance of particles in the lower of the slope is smaller. The simulation results show that the particles in the middle and upper of the slope have larger potential energy, and their sliding distance is larger. Then, taking the Nanfen full high waste dump with a vertical drop of 300 m in Benxi City, China, as an example, the most dangerous section is selected to establish the SPH numerical model for the waste dump landslides, and the overall dynamic process of the landslides is simulated. A benchmark test is firstly conducted to verify the effectiveness of the SPH model. In this work, the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method combined with the Mohr–Coulomb model is used to study the dynamic characteristics of the landslides that occurred in the waste dump during the failure process. Waste dump that is generally composed of a large number of loose geotechnical materials is prone to landslides under external loads.